Located in east-central Oklahoma, Okfuskee County is bordered by Creek County on the north, Okmulgee and McIntosh counties on the east, Hughes and Seminole counties on the south, and Lincoln and Pottawatomie counties on the west. Organized at 1907 statehood, the county is named for a former Creek town in present Cleburne County, Alabama.
At the turn of the twenty-first century incorporated towns included Bearden, Boley, Castle, Clearview, Paden, Weleetka, and Okemah, the county seat. Formerly part of the Creek Nation, Indian Territory, Okfuskee County has 628.91 acres of land and water. Lying within the Sandstone Hills physiographic region, the county is drained by the Deep Fork of the Canadian River in the northeastern corner and by the North Canadian River, which forms its southern boundary with Seminole County.